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Henan


Henan, in the middle-lower Yellow River valley, derived its name from the greater part of the province's lying south of the Yellow River. One of the earliest developed regions in the country; it was a political and cultural center in ancient China. Henan has an area of 167,000 sq km and a population of over 100 million. In 2009, Henan's nominal GDP was 2.29 trillion RMB (US$339 billion), making it the fifth largest economy in China, although it rank nineteen in terms of GDP per capita.

There are 18 cities that is under direct jurisdiction of Henan Province, namely, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Nayang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, and Jiyuan. Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province. 

Climate

Henan has a continental climate with hot, rainy summer, dry, inclement winter and windy spring. It has a mean annual temperature of 13°c-15°c, increasing from north to south, an annual frost-free period of 6-8 months, and a mean annual precipitation of 600-900 mm, also increasing from north to south.

Population and Nationalities 

Henan Province boasts the largest population in China. By the end of 2005, the gross population of Henan Province is 97,680,000, with 30.65% urban residents and 69.35% rural residents. There are many nationalities in Henan Province. Beside Han nationality, there are 55 minorities, including Hui nationality, Meng nationality, Zang nationality, etc, with the population of 1,280,000 that accounts for 1.3% of the gross population of Henan Province. 

Infrastructure and Transportation

The infrastructure of Henan Province has become more and more completed. It has played a more and more significant role in economic development. The electricity installation capacity ranks 5th in the county. The transportation system of highway, railway, and aviation has already come into existence. 

Henan Province, which is to the east of Shanghai, south of Wuhan, north of Beijing and Tianjin, and west of Xi’an, is situated in the central area of China. Its convenient and superior transport condition plays an important role in its economic development as Henan Province links up east, west, south, and north area together. 

Foreign Exchanges

Provinces and Cities of Friendship: By the end of 2005, Henan Province has established friend relationship with 59 cities of 29 countries, including the US, French, Russia, Japan, Korea, Germany and Singapore, etc. 

History and Culture

Henan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese people. Since Xia Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty, more than 20 imperial families established their capitals in Henan Province or moved their capitals here. Henan Province, having long been a politic, economic and cultural center of China in history, boasts four of the eight famous China ancient capitals, namely, Luoyang, an ancient capital for nine dynasties; Kaifeng, an ancient capital for seven dynasties; Anyang, an ancient capital for Yinshang Dynasty; Zhengzhou, an ancient capital for Shang Dynasty. Three inventions of the Four Great Inventions in ancient China, namely compass, gunpowder, and papermaking technology were all invented in Henan Province. 

Henan Province is regarded as a history museum of China for its long history and possessions of valuable cultural relics and historical sites. The amount of its underground cultural relics ranks first in China and the amount of overground cultural relics ranks second in China. More than a million pieces of cultural relics are treasured in the museum, which accounts for one eighth of the total amount in China, and ranks the third place in China. 

Tourism  

Henan Province is rich in tourism resources with its deep culture deposits and beautiful scenic spots. In 2005, the number of tourists visited Henan Province exceeds 0.1 billion person-times, among which 0.61 million are foreign tourists. The most representative scenic spots are: Longmen Grotto in Luoyang and Yinxu in An’yang, Songshan Shaolin Temple, Yuntai Mountain and Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden. 

Agricultural Specialties in Henan Province

There are many famous specialties produced in Henan Province, such as Yuanyang rice, Xinzheng Chinese Date, Kaifeng watermelon, Qixian and Zhongmou Garlic, Xinyang palecoloured 

tips and chestnut, Xixia Chinese gooseberry, Lingbao apple, Jiaozuo yam and Luoyang peony. Among these specialties, peony in Luoyang is well known both at home and abroad.

Education and Scientific Research

Higher Education: With the continual expansion higher education, Henan Province now boasts 11 First-class Subjects of Doctor and 106 doctor spots. In 2005, there are 28 universities and colleges that are qualified to offer a bachelor’s degree, 61 postdoctoral stations, and 1,450,000 students in universities and colleges in Henan Province. Among that, Zhengzhou University and Henan University, etc are some of the key comprehensive universities in China. 

Universities in Henan:

• Zhengzhou University 
• Zhongzhou University 
• Henan University of Technology 
• Henan College of Finance & Taxation 
• Zhengzhou University of Light Industry 
• Zhongyuan University of Technology 
• North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power 
• Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management 
• Henan Agricultural University 
• Henan Business College 
• Henan University of TCM 
• Luoyang Normal University 
• Henan University of Science and Technology 
• Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology 
• Henan University 
• Shangqiu Normal University 

Scientific Research: There are more than 1,300 scientific research and R&D institutions of various categories in Henan Province. In the year 2005, there are 8,981 patents applied to be ratified and 3,748 of them got ratified; more than 350 scientific research achierements got province-level award and 12 got state-level award. More than 35% of the achierements got popularized and amounted to 43% of the economic development in Henan Province.